What Is Tooth Extraction?

Tooth extraction refers to the complete removal of a tooth from its socket in the jawbone, including its roots. It is essential that no fragments of the tooth remain in the bone after the procedure. The tooth is entirely separated from the socket, also known as the alveolus.

Common reasons for tooth extraction include severe decay, widespread infection in the root that cannot be treated with root canal therapy, overcrowding of teeth in the jaw, and trauma.

How Is Tooth Extraction Performed?

Depending on the patient’s condition, various anesthesia options may be offered—local anesthesia, general anesthesia, or sedation-assisted local anesthesia. The procedure is carried out by a dentist or an oral surgeon.

Initially, anesthesia is administered and a short wait ensures adequate numbness. The tooth is gently rocked back and forth using specialized instruments. Depending on the tooth’s condition, extraction may occur in one piece or in several fragments. Minor bleeding may occur post-extraction. A gauze pad is applied to the socket to support clot formation, which is essential for proper healing.

Why Are Teeth Extracted?

Tooth extraction is typically considered a last resort. The most frequent reasons include teeth that are too damaged to be restored, or teeth that have become loose due to advanced periodontal disease. Impacted wisdom teeth are also a common reason for extraction due to associated pain and dysfunction.

When Is Tooth Extraction Necessary?

Extractions may be necessary in cases of:

• Severe decay or fracture,

• Infection that has spread from the gums to the tooth’s nerve,

• Bone loss in the jaw,

• Orthodontic reasons requiring space in the dental arch,

• Severe pain due to impacted third molars,

• Bone resorption from bruxism (teeth grinding) or clenching,

• Advanced untreated gum disease,

• Malodor or systemic health risks caused by decayed teeth.

Pre-Extraction Preparation

Proper preoperative evaluation is essential. X-rays are taken to assess the root structure and surrounding bone. If the tooth is infected, antibiotics may be prescribed before the extraction. Any preexisting systemic conditions such as bleeding disorders must be communicated to the dentist. If necessary, the dentist will request a medical consultation before proceeding.

Healing After Tooth Extraction

The healing period varies depending on factors such as the complexity of the extraction, the patient’s overall health, and how well post-operative instructions are followed. When performed gently and efficiently, tissue trauma is minimized, leading to faster recovery.

Post-Extraction Care

To support healing and avoid complications:

• Do not eat or drink for at least 2 hours after extraction.

• Keep the gauze in place as instructed to control bleeding.

• Avoid smoking and alcohol, as they delay wound healing.

• Refrain from taking blood-thinning medications unless directed otherwise by your doctor.

Does Tooth Extraction Require Strength? Are There Differences Between Male and Female Dentists?

Tooth extraction requires proper technique, not physical strength. When the right instruments and techniques are used—such as precise incisions and gentle manipulation—excessive force is unnecessary. Therefore, there is no difference in extraction capability between male and female dentists. In fact, the use of force can damage the jawbone and temporomandibular joint (TMJ), and should be avoided.

Why Do Teeth Break During Extraction?

There are various reasons for tooth fracture during extraction:

• Undetected decay,

• Nutritional deficiencies,

• Poor oral hygiene,

• Excessive force during the procedure.

Infected or weakened teeth are more prone to breaking. Fractures, especially in the root area, require careful inspection to ensure no fragments remain embedded in the bone.

How to Overcome the Fear of Tooth Extraction

Dental anxiety is common. It helps to have a preliminary consultation with your dentist to ask questions and understand the procedure. Delaying treatment due to fear may result in more severe dental issues and tooth loss. Regular dental checkups are key to preventing this.

What Should Be Done Before Tooth Extraction?

If antibiotics are prescribed for an infection, they must be taken as directed until the day of the procedure. X-rays should be taken to examine the roots. Patients with bleeding or systemic disorders must inform their dentist in advance. Medical consultation may be required for complex cases.

Is Tooth Extraction Painful?

Modern anesthesia and sedation techniques make tooth extraction a virtually pain-free procedure. Choosing an experienced dentist and a well-equipped clinic significantly reduces discomfort. Avoiding timely extraction due to fear of pain may lead to irreversible damage and infection spread to other teeth or the bloodstream. Today’s advanced methods allow patients to undergo extractions comfortably and safely.